Poetic Forms: What is a Sestina?

Today’s discussion of poetic forms is on Sestina’s!

Link for the History of the Sestina

The basic form of Sestina:

39 lines (6 stanzas, 6 lines each) with a final stanza of 3 lines

unrhymed

use of same six end-words in every stanza in a pattern

“the first line of the second stanza must pair it’s end-words with the last line of the first” (The Making of a Poem)

the final stanza of 3 lines must use the six ‘end-words’

source: The Making of a Poem

Outline (from poets.org)

1. ABCDEF
2. FAEBDC
3. CFDABE
4. ECBFAD
5. DEACFB
6. BDFECA
7. (envoi) ECA or ACE

Example Poem:

Sestina

by Elizabeth Bishop

September rain falls on the house.
In the failing light, the old grandmother
sits in the kitchen with the child
beside the Little Marvel Stove,
reading the jokes from the almanac,
laughing and talking to hide her tears.

She thinks that her equinoctial tears
and the rain that beats on the roof of the house
were both foretold by the almanac,
but only known to a grandmother.
The iron kettle sings on the stove.
She cuts some bread and says to the child,

It’s time for tea now; but the child
is watching the teakettle’s small hard tears
dance like mad on the hot black stove,
the way the rain must dance on the house.
Tidying up, the old grandmother
hangs up the clever almanac

on its string. Birdlike, the almanac
hovers half open above the child,
hovers above the old grandmother
and her teacup full of dark brown tears.
She shivers and says she thinks the house
feels chilly, and puts more wood in the stove.

It was to be, says the Marvel Stove.
I know what I know, says the almanac.
With crayons the child draws a rigid house
and a winding pathway. Then the child
puts in a man with buttons like tears
and shows it proudly to the grandmother.

But secretly, while the grandmother
busies herself about the stove,
the little moons fall down like tears
from between the pages of the almanac
into the flower bed the child
has carefully placed in the front of the house.

Time to plant tears, says the almanac.
The grandmother sings to the marvelous stove
and the child draws another inscrutable house.

 

(source: poemhunter.com)

 

Other sources/resources:

New Rhyming Dictionary and Poets Handbook

The Making of  a Poem: A Norton Anthology of Poetic Forms

Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics


 


Liked this post? Try these:

Poetic Forms: Villanelle

Here we go! Another discussion on the basics of poetic forms, this time Villanelles.

(Link for History of Villanelles)

A Villanelle is comprised of nineteen lines, 5 stanzas of three lines each with a final stanza of four lines, the rhyme scheme is aba

here’s where it gets tricky,

1st line of 1st stanza repeats as the last line in the 2nd and 4th stanzas

3rd line of the 1st stanza is repeated as the last line in the 3rd and 5th stanzas

The 1st and 3rd line of the 1st stanza become the 2nd to last and final line of the poem

(source: The Making of a Poem)

A basic outline of the first nine lines would look something like this,

 

1st line, rhyme scheme a

2nd line, rhyme scheme b

3rd line, rhyme scheme a

 

4th line, a

5th line, b

1st line (repeated), a

 

6th line, a

7th line, b

3rd line (repeated), a

 

…and so on.

 

I have been having fun with the Villanelle lately and trying to write a few of my own. I have one pretty much fleshed out but it is not near done enough to post yet. But here is an example villanelle.

Do not go gentle into that good night

Dylan Thomas1914 – 1953

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

 

source: poets.org

 

Other sources/resources:

New Rhyming Dictionary and Poets Handbook

The Making of a Poem: A Norton Anthology of Poetic Forms

Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics

 

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-Alina